历史沿革
编辑印地安那州,名称是说明这一块土地曾是印地安人的领土。
早期为印第安人中的阿尔冈昆、易洛魁、波塔瓦托米、特拉华等部族的居住地。考古学家在俄亥俄河畔的安琪尔丘冈发现了最早的居民遗址。
1730年,英国开始殖民于该州之内。
印第安纳州后来沦为法国殖民地,18世纪下半叶,印第安人与英、美、法等国白人移民之间的xxx曾持续多年,在法国印第安xxx之后由英国控制。美国独立之后,改归美国,属西北领地的一部份。1794年,印第安部落被迫让出他们世代居住的东部地区。1800年由西北领地分出,成为印第安纳领地,1816年12月21日作为第19个州加入美国。
行政区划
编辑重要城镇
County | FIPS code | County seat | Established | Origin | Etymology | Population | Area | Map |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adams County | 001 | Decatur | February 7, 1836 | Adams New Purchase | U.S. PresidentJohn Quincy Adams | 33,625 | 339sqmi (878km) | |
Allen County | 003 | Fort Wayne | December 12, 1823 | Delaware New Purchase | Col. John Allen , Kentucky state senator | 355,329 | 657sqmi (1,702km) | |
Bartholomew County | 005 | Columbus | January 8, 1821 | Jackson County and Delaware New Purchases | Lt. Col.Joseph Bartholomew, a hero of theBattle of Tippecanoe | 71,435 | 407sqmi (1,054km) | |
Benton County | 007 | Fowler | February 18, 1840 | Jasper County | Thomas H. Benton,U.S. SenatorfromMissouri | 8,854 | 406sqmi (1,052km) | |
Blackford County | 009 | Hartford City | February 15, 1838 | Jay County | JudgeIsaac Blackford, Speaker of theIndiana House of Representativesand Chief Justice of theIndiana Supreme Court | 14,048 | 165sqmi (427km) | |
Boone County | 011 | Lebanon | January 29, 1830 | Adams andWabashNew Purchases | FrontiersmanDaniel Boone | 56,640 | 423sqmi (1,096km) | |
Brown County | 013 | Nashville | February 3, 1836 | Bartholomew County Jackson County Monroe County | General Jacob Brown, hero of theWar of 1812 | 14,957 | 312sqmi (808km) | |
Carroll County | 015 | Delphi | January 17, 1828 | Adams andWabashNew Purchases | Charles Carroll, signer of theDeclaration of Independence | 20,165 | 372sqmi (963km) | |
Cass County | 017 | Logansport | December 18, 1828 | Non-county Area | Gen.Lewis Cass, Governor ofMichigan TerritoryandU.S. Secretary of State | 40,930 | 412sqmi (1,067km) | |
Clark County | 019 | Jeffersonville | February 3, 1801 | Knox County | GeneralGeorge Rogers Clark,American Revolutionary Warhero | 96,472 | 373sqmi (966km) | |
Clay County | 021 | Brazil | February 12, 1825 | Owen County Putnam County Sullivan County Vigo County | U.S. Speaker of the HouseHenry Clay | 26,556 | 358sqmi (927km) | |
Clinton County | 023 | Frankfort | January 29, 1830 | Adams and Wabash New Purchases | DeWitt Clinton, Governor of New York | 33,866 | 405sqmi (1,049km) | |
Crawford County | 025 | English | January 29, 1818 | Orange County Harrison County Perry County | Col.William Crawford, surveyor of the Midwest and hero of theIndian Wars | 10,743 | 306sqmi (793km) | |
Daviess County | 027 | Washington | February 2, 1818 | Knox County | Col.Joseph Hamilton Daveiss,hero of theBattle of Tippecanoe | 30,820 | 429sqmi (1,111km) | |
Dearborn County | 029 | Lawrenceburg | March 7, 1803 | Clark County, IN;Hamilton County, OH | U.S. Secretary of WarHenry Dearborn | 50,047 | 305sqmi (790km) | |
Decatur County | 031 | Greensburg | December 12, 1821 | Delaware New Purchase | CommodoreStephen Decatur, hero of theWar of 1812 | 24,555 | 373sqmi (966km) | |
DeKalb County | 033 | Auburn | February 7, 1835 | Non-county Area | Johann de Kalb, German noble who trained colonial soldiers for theAmerican Revolutionary War | 40,285 | 363sqmi (940km) | |
Delaware County | 035 | Muncie | January 26, 1827 | Delaware New Purchase | Delaware Native American people | 118,769 | 392sqmi (1,015km) | |
Dubois County | 037 | Jasper | December 20, 1817 | Perry County Pike County | Toussaint Dubois,hero of theBattle of Tippecanoe | 39,674 | 427sqmi (1,106km) | |
Elkhart County | 039 | Goshen | January 29, 1830 | Non-county Area | Disputed, but possibly the ElkhartNative Americanpeople | 182,791 | 463sqmi (1,199km) | |
Fayette County | 041 | Connersville | January 29, 1818 | Franklin Wayne Countyand Non-county Area | Marquis de la Fayette, French noble who trained colonial soldiers in theAmerican Revolutionary War | 25,588 | 215sqmi (557km) | |
Floyd County | 043 | New Albany | January 2, 1819 | Clarkand Harrison Counties | Col. EitherJohn Floyd, aWar of 1812hero andGovernor of Virginia, or early settler and state legislatorDavis Floyd | 78,823 | 148sqmi (383km) | |
Fountain County | 045 | Covington | December 20, 1825 | Montgomery Countyand Wabash New Purchase | MajorJames Fontaine, a hero of theAmerican Revolutionary War | 17,954 | 396sqmi (1,026km) | |
Franklin County | 047 | Brookville | February 1, 1811 | Clark County Dearborn County Knox County | Writer, orator, scholar, and founding father Benjamin Franklin | 22,151 | 384sqmi (995km) | |
Fulton County | 049 | Rochester | February 7, 1836 | Non-county Area | Robert Fulton, inventor of thesteamboat | 20,511 | 368sqmi (953km) | |
Gibson County | 051 | Princeton | April 1, 1813 | Knox County | John Gibson, secretary of theIndiana Territory | 33,503 | 487sqmi (1,261km) | |
Grant County | 053 | Marion | February 10, 1831 | Formed from Madison County, Adams New Purchase and un-organized | Captains Samuel and Moses Grant, former American soldiers and early settlers | 70,061 | 414sqmi (1,072km) | |
Greene County | 055 | Bloomfield | January 5, 1821 | Sullivan County Non-county Area | Gen.Nathanael Greene, hero of theAmerican Revolutionary War | 32,157 | 543sqmi (1,406km) | |
Hamilton County | 057 | Noblesville | January 8, 1823 | Formed from Delaware New Purchase | Alexander Hamilton , firstSecretary of the Treasuryand founding father | 274,569 | 394sqmi (1,020km) | |
Hancock County | 059 | Greenfield | March 1, 1828 | Formed from Madison County | John Hancock, first signer of theDeclaration of Independence | 70,002 | 306sqmi (793km) | |
Harrison County | 061 | Corydon | December 1, 1808 | Formed from Clark and Knox County | William Henry Harrison, governor ofIndiana TerritoryandU.S. President | 34,325 | 485sqmi (1,256km) | |
Hendricks County | 063 | Danville | December 20, 1824 | Formed from Delaware and Wabash New Purchase | Governor of IndianaWilliam Hendricks | 145,488 | 407sqmi (1,054km) | |
Henry County | 065 | New Castle | December 31, 1821 | Formed from Delaware New Purchase | Patrick Henry, attorney, orator, and founding father | 48,508 | 392sqmi (1,015km) | |
Howard County | 067 | Kokomo | January 15, 1844 | Formed from un-organized | Gen.Tilghman Howard, a U.S. Representative from Indiana | 84,964 | 293sqmi (759km) | |
Huntington County | 069 | Huntington | February 2, 1832 | Formed from Adams New Purchase and un-organized | Samuel Huntington, signer theDeclaration of Independence | 38,075 | 383sqmi (992km) | |
Jackson County | 071 | Brownstown | January 1, 1816 | Formed from Clark, Jefferson and Washington | U.S. PresidentAndrew Jackson | 41,335 | 509sqmi (1,318km) | |
Jasper County | 073 | Rensselaer | February 7, 1835 | Formed from Wabash New Purchase | Sgt.William Jasper, hero of theAmerican Revolutionary War | 30,043 | 560sqmi (1,450km) | |
Jay County | 075 | Portland | February 7, 1835 | Formed from Adams New Purchase | John Jay, first Chief Justice of theUnited States Supreme Court | 21,806 | 384sqmi (995km) | |
Jefferson County | 077 | Madison | November 23, 1810 | Formed from Clark, Dearborn and Knox County | U.S. PresidentThomas Jefferson | 31,705 | 361sqmi (935km) | |
Jennings County | 079 | Vernon | December 27, 1816 | Formed from Jackson and Jefferson Counties | Jonathan Jennings, the firstGovernor of Indiana | 27,554 | 377sqmi (976km) | |
Johnson County | 081 | Franklin | December 31, 1823 | Formed from Delaware New Purchase | John Johnson, first Chief Justice of theIndiana Supreme Court | 139,654 | 320sqmi (829km) | |
Knox County | 083 | Vincennes | June 6, 1790 | Original County | U.S. Secretary of WarHenry Knox | 39,256 | 516sqmi (1,336km) | |
Kosciusko County | 085 | Warsaw | February 7, 1835 | Formed from un-organized | Tadeusz Kościuszko, Polish-born hero of theAmerican Revolutionary Warand leader of a Polish nationalistic revolt against Russia | 74,057 | 531sqmi (1,375km) | |
LaGrange County | 087 | LaGrange | February 2, 1832 | Formed from un-organized | The ancestral estate of theMarquis de la Fayette, the French-born hero of theAmerican Revolutionary War | 34,909 | 380sqmi (984km) | |
Lake County | 089 | Crown Point | January 28, 1837 | Formed from Newton and Porter Counties | Its location onLake Michigan | 496,004 | 499sqmi (1,292km) | |
LaPorte County | 091 | LaPorte | January 29, 1832 | Formed from St. Joseph and un-organized | Means the door inFrench, which refers to the city of LaPorte | 111,467 | 598sqmi (1,549km) | |
Lawrence County | 093 | Bedford | January 7, 1818 | Formed from Orange | Capt.James Lawrence,hero of theWar of 1812 | 45,922 | 449sqmi (1,163km) | |
Madison County | 095 | Anderson | January 4, 1823 | Formed from Delaware New Purchase | U.S. PresidentJames Madison | 133,358 | 452sqmi (1,171km) | |
Marion County | 097 | Indianapolis | December 31, 1821 | Formed from Delaware New Purchase | Gen.Francis Marion,American Revolutionary Warhero | 903,393 | 396sqmi (1,026km) | |
Marshall County | 099 | Plymouth | February 7, 1835 | Formed from St. Joseph County | U.S. Chief JusticeJohn Marshall | 45,128 | 444sqmi (1,150km) | |
Martin County | 101 | Shoals | January 17, 1820 | Formed from Daviess and Dubois Counties | Major John T. Martin, hero of theWar of 1812 | 10,369 | 336sqmi (870km) | |
Miami County | 103 | Peru | January 30, 1833 | Formed from Cass County and un-organized | MiamiNative American people | 36,082 | 374sqmi (969km) | |
Monroe County | 105 | Bloomington | January 14, 1818 | Formed from Orange County | U.S. PresidentJames Monroe | 137,974 | 395sqmi (1,023km) | |
Montgomery County | 107 | Crawfordsville | December 21, 1822 | Formed from Wabash New Purchase | Gen.Richard Montgomery, hero of theAmerican Revolutionary War | 37,629 | 505sqmi (1,308km) | |
Morgan County | 109 | Martinsville | December 31, 1822 | Formed from Delaware and Wabash New Purchase | Gen.Daniel Morgan, hero of theAmerican Revolutionary War | 68,894 | 404sqmi (1,046km) | |
Newton County | 111 | Kentland | December 8, 1859 | Formed from Jasper County | Sgt.John Newton, hero of theAmerican Revolutionary War | 14,566 | 402sqmi (1,041km) | |
Noble County | 113 | Albion | February 7, 1835 | Formed from un-organized | U.S. SenatorJames NobleorGovernor of IndianaNoah Noble, brothers | 46,275 | 411sqmi (1,064km) | |
Ohio County | 115 | Rising Sun | January 4, 1844 | Formed from Dearborn County | TheOhio River | 6,128 | 86sqmi (223km) | |
Orange County | 117 | Paoli | February 1, 1816 | Formed from Gibson, Knox and Washington | Orange County, North Carolina, in turn named for theDutch ProtestantHouse of Orange | 19,306 | 398sqmi (1,031km) | |
Owen County | 119 | Spencer | December 21, 1818 | Formed from Daviess and Sullivan County | Abraham Owen,hero of theBattle of Tippecanoe | 21,786 | 385sqmi (997km) | |
Parke County | 121 | Rockville | January 9, 1821 | Formed from Vigo County | Benjamin Parke, a delegate ofIndiana Territoryto theU.S. Congress | 17,241 | 445sqmi (1,153km) | |
Perry County | 123 | Tell City | November 1, 1814 | Formed from Gibson and Warrick Counties | CommodoreOliver Hazard Perry, hero of theWar of 1812 | 18,899 | 382sqmi (989km) | |
Pike County | 125 | Petersburg | December 21, 1816 | Formed from Gibson and Perry County | Zebulon M. Pike, explorer of theAmerican West | 12,837 | 334sqmi (865km) | |
Porter County | 127 | Valparaiso | February 7, 1835 | Formed from un-organized | Capt.David Porter, hero of theWar of 1812 | 146,798 | 418sqmi (1,083km) | |
Posey County | 129 | Mount Vernon | November 11, 1814 | Formed from Warrick County | Thomas Posey, governor ofIndiana Territory | 27,061 | 410sqmi (1,062km) | |
Pulaski County | 131 | Winamac | February 7, 1835 | Formed from un-organized | Kazimierz Pułaski, Polish-born noble who led the colonial cavalry in theAmerican Revolutionary War | 13,755 | 434sqmi (1,124km) | |
Putnam County | 133 | Greencastle | December 31, 1822 | Formed from Owen County and Wabash New Purchase | Gen.Israel Putnam, hero of theAmerican Revolutionary War | 36,019 | 481sqmi (1,246km) | |
Randolph County | 135 | Winchester | January 10, 1818 | Formed from Wayne County | Randolph County, North Carolina, which is itself named for firstPresident of the Continental CongressPeyton Randolph | 27,401 | 452sqmi (1,171km) | |
Ripley County | 137 | Versailles | December 27, 1816 | Formed from Dearborn and Jefferson County | Gen.Eleazer Wheelock Ripley, hero of theWar of 1812 | 26,523 | 446sqmi (1,155km) | |
Rush County | 139 | Rushville | December 31, 1821 | Formed from Delaware New Purchase | Dr.Benjamin Rush, signer theDeclaration of Independence | 18,261 | 408sqmi (1,057km) | |
St. Joseph County | 141 | South Bend | January 29, 1830 | Formed from un-organized | St. Joseph River, which flows through it towardLake Michigan | 266,931 | 458sqmi (1,186km) | |
Scott County | 143 | Scottsburg | January 12, 1820 | Formed from Clark, Jefferson, Jennings and Washington Counties | Charles Scott,Governor of Kentucky | 22,960 | 190sqmi (492km) | |
Shelby County | 145 | Shelbyville | December 31, 1821 | Formed from Delaware New Purchase | Gen.Isaac Shelby, Governor of Kentucky | 44,436 | 411sqmi (1,064km) | |
Spencer County | 147 | Rockport | January 10, 1818 | Formed from Perry and Warrick Counties | Capt.Spier Spencer,hero of theBattle of Tippecanoe | 20,391 | 397sqmi (1,028km) | |
Starke County | 149 | Knox | February 7, 1835 | Formed from St. Joseph County and un-organized | Gen.John Stark, hero of theAmerican Revolutionary War | 23,556 | 309sqmi (800km) | |
Steuben County | 151 | Angola | February 7, 1837 | Formed from un-organized | Baron Frederick von Steuben, Prussian-born noble who trained colonial soldiers during theAmerican Revolutionary War | 33,214 | 309sqmi (800km) | |
Sullivan County | 153 | Sullivan | December 30, 1816 | Formed from Knox | General Daniel Sullivan,American Revolutionary Warhero | 21,751 | 447sqmi (1,158km) | |
Switzerland County | 155 | Vevay | October 1, 1814 | Formed from Dearborn and Jefferson County | The home country of many of the early settlers,Switzerland | 10,613 | 221sqmi (572km) | |
Tippecanoe County | 157 | Lafayette | January 20, 1826 | Formed from Wabash New Purchase and un-organized | TheTippecanoe Riverand theBattle of Tippecanoe | 172,780 | 500sqmi (1,295km) | |
Tipton County | 159 | Tipton | January 15, 1844 | Formed from Adams New Purchase and un-organized | John Tipton,U.S. Senator | 16,577 | 261sqmi (676km) | |
Union County | 161 | Liberty | January 5, 1821 | Parts ofFayette, Franklin and Wayne counties | Named because it united sections of three adjacent counties into one new entity | 7,516 | 161sqmi (417km) | |
Vanderburgh County | 163 | Evansville | January 7, 1818 | Gibson ,Posey, andWarrickCounties | Henry Vanderburgh, a judge forIndiana Territory | 188,922 | 233sqmi (603km) | |
Vermillion County | 165 | Newport | January 2, 1824 | Formed from Parke County and Wasbash New Purchase | TheVermillion River | 16,788 | 257sqmi (666km) | |
Vigo County | 167 | Terre Haute | January 21, 1818 | Formed from Sullivan County | Francis Vigo, Italian-born colonial spy during theAmerican Revolutionary War | 105,848 | 403sqmi (1,044km) | |
Wabash County | 169 | Wabash | January 30, 1833 | Formed from Adams New Purchase and un-organized | TheWabash River | 34,960 | 412sqmi (1,067km) | |
Warren County | 171 | Williamsport | January 19, 1827 | Formed from Wabash New Purchase and un-organized | Dr.Joseph Warren,American Revolutionary Warhero | 8,508 | 365sqmi (945km) | |
Warrick County | 173 | Boonville | April 30, 1813 | Gibson and Knox Counties | Capt.Jacob Warrick,hero of theBattle of Tippecanoe | 60,010 | 385sqmi (997km) | |
Washington County | 175 | Salem | December 21, 1813 | Clark, Harrison and Knox Counties | U.S. PresidentGeorge Washington | 27,223 | 514sqmi (1,331km) | |
Wayne County | 177 | Richmond | November 27, 1810 | Formed from Clark, Dearborn and Knox | Gen."Mad" Anthony Wayne, hero of theAmerican Revolutionary War | 71,097 | 402sqmi (1,041km) | |
Wells County | 179 | Bluffton | February 7, 1837 | Formed from Adams New Purchase | Capt.William A. Wells, Native American who became a hero in theWar of 1812 | 27,600 | 368sqmi (953km) | |
White County | 181 | Monticello | February 1, 1834 | Formed from Wabash New Purchase and un-organized | Capt.Isaac White,hero of theBattle of Tippecanoe | 25,267 | 505sqmi (1,308km) | |
Whitley County | 183 | Columbia City | February 7, 1835 | Formed from un-organized | Col.William Whitley,hero of theBattle of Tippecanoe | 30,707 | 336sqmi (870km) |
人口在1,000,000人以上的(城市居民)
印第安纳波利斯 (Indianapolis),首府,位于州中央
人口在100,000人以上的(城市人口)
韦恩堡(Fort Wayne),位于东北
南弯(South Bend),靠近密歇根边境,圣母大学所在地
特雷霍特(Terre Haute),位于印第安纳西部,印第安纳州立大学所在地
伊凡斯维尔(Evansville),位于西南,俄亥俄河边
盖瑞(Gary),位于西北,芝加哥近郊
地理环境
编辑地理位置
该州特征有二:xxx,位于该州中部之冰碛平原,面积xxx而且完整。第二,该州是美国中西部各州往来必经之地,成为中西部“十字路口”。
该州北邻密歇根州。西北角滨密歇根湖。东界俄亥俄州。南毗肯塔基州。西与伊利诺州接壤。该州地形可分三区:一、北部是湖岸平原。二、中部是冰碛平原。面积xxx,且甚完整。三、南部多低丘浅谷。全州土地都可以生产。该州气候温和多雨,也有利于发展农业。玉米、大豆与猪,在各州中均列第三位。
地形地貌
全州平均高度为海拔200余米,最高点海拔383米,最低点海拔95米,地表较平坦。整个地势大体上由东北向西南倾斜。境内最高点在东部靠近俄亥俄州边界附近,海拔392米;最低点在沃巴什河与俄亥俄河汇合处,海拔95米。沃巴什河、俄亥俄河以及白河的东西两个支流顺势而下,构成密西西比流域的一部分。北部的圣约瑟夫河蜿蜒流入密歇根湖。北半部的湖泊星罗棋布。印第安纳大学周围地区和布朗县附近是全州风景最秀丽的地方。
按地貌全州可分为3个地理区:(1)北部是湖岸低地。密歇根湖沿岸沙丘成列,景色美丽。(2)中部平原区为冰碛层平原。因受沃巴什河(wabash R.)干支流的侵蚀,出现低丘浅谷。(3)南部是石灰岩地区,地面有明显丘谷地貌和溶蚀地貌,如溶洞、落水洞,有地下水系及矿泉。俄亥俄河两岸多悬岸,景色雄伟。州内除南中部丘陵区未遭受往日大陆冰川复盖、侵蚀与沉积外,其余地区全被冰川复盖过,并留下厚层的冰碛物。
气候
属大陆性湿润气候,四季分明。1月平均气温从南部埃文斯维尔的2℃降到北部绍斯本德的-4℃;两地的7月平均气温分别为26℃和23℃。南方和北方的年降水量、生长季节及冬季雪量均有明显的差异。年降水量由北部850毫米到南部1100毫米;生长季由北部160日到南部180日;冬季雪量由北部1米深到南部0.5米深。北方冷气团经过湖面时吸收大量水气,到湖以南寒冷地面上空时立即落雪,雪深时可埋没公路上的汽车。在一年中,雪期有时超过6个月,年平均降雪量508毫米以上。
人口民族
编辑综述
在美国,一个来自印第安纳州的人不被称为印第安纳州人(Indianer),而被称为胡希尔人(Hoosier),在中文里,这个词一般被译为印第安纳州人。
根据美国人口调查局2011年7月1日公布的统计数据,印第安纳州的人口6,516,922人,和2010年统计数据相比增长了0.51%。根据2010年数据,该州总人口6,483,802人,人口密度为69..9/平方公里。2012年,印第安纳州的人口的种族构成如下:84.3% 为白人(81.5%为非西班牙裔白人),9.1%为黑人(非洲裔美国人),6.0%为西班牙裔或拉美裔人(不论种族肤色),1.6% 为亚裔美国人,0.3%为印第安原住民,2.0% 为混合的种族(两种或两种以上种族混血)。在印第安纳的所有少数民族中,西班牙裔是增长速度最快的。该州24.9%的人口年龄在18岁一下,6.9% 人口年龄为5岁一下,以及12.8%人口年龄在65岁以上。该州人口年龄的中位数为36.4岁。2005年,77.7%的印第安纳人居住在较大的县市里,16.5%居住在较小的县市里,5.9%人口居住在无中心城市的县里。
印第安纳人口中xxx的族裔为德国裔,占总人口的22.7% 。美国裔(12.0%)、英国裔(8.9%) 、 爱尔兰裔 (10.8%) 和波兰裔 (3.0%)也拥有众多人口。调查中大部分美国裔其实是早期的英国后裔,不过因为他们的家庭在很早以前的殖民地时期早期就搬至了北美,所以在统计时就简单的划分成了“美国裔”。根据1980的人口普查数据,印第安纳总人口4,241,975人中,1,776,144人登记为德国裔,1,356,135人登记为英国裔,1,017,944人登记为爱尔兰裔,德国裔占总人口的42%,英国裔占32%,爱尔兰裔占24%。
印第安纳州的人口中心是汉密尔顿县的谢里登镇(Sheridan)。从20世纪90年代起,印第安纳波利斯周边的几个县的人口开始迅速集中,其中增速最快的四个县是:汉密尔顿县(Hamilton)、亨德里克斯(Hendricks)、约翰森县(Johnson)以及汉考克县(Hancock)。除这四个县以外,增速较高的还有迪尔本县(Dearborn County),该县临近辛辛那提。汉密尔顿县是印第安纳以及其邻近的几个州(伊利诺伊州、密歇根州、俄亥俄州、肯塔基州)增速最快的县,并且在全美人口增速的县中位居第20名。
2005年,印第安纳居民每户收入的中位数为43,993美元,接近498,700户印第安纳居民收入达到50,000至74,999美元之间,占全州户数的20%。汉密尔顿县每户居民的收入中位数高达78,932美元左右,高于该州平均水平约35,000美元。该县也在全美25万人以上的县中收入排名第七。收入位居印第安纳州其次的是印第安纳波利斯的郊区,亨德里克斯县每户的收入中位数为57,538美元,紧随其后的是约翰森县,为56,251美元。
历史
印第安纳州历史人口一览:
年份 | 人口 | 增幅 |
1800年 | 2,632人 | - |
1810年 | 24,520人 | 831.6% |
1820年 | 147,178人 | 500.2% |
1830年 | 343,031人 | 133.1% |
1840年 | 685,866人 | 99.9% |
1850年 | 988,416人 | 44.1% |
1860年 | 1,350,428人 | 36.6% |
1870年 | 1,680,637人 | 24.5% |
1880年 | 1,978,301人 | 17.7% |
1890年 | 2,192,404人 | 10.8% |
1900年 | 2,516,462人 | 14.8% |
1910年 | 2,700,876人 | 7.3% |
1920年 | 2,930,390人 | 8.5% |
1930年 | 3,238,503人 | 10.5% |
1940年 | 3,427,796人 | 5.8% |
1950年 | 3,934,224人 | 14.8% |
1960年 | 4,662,498人 | 18.5% |
1970年 | 5,193,669人 | 11.4% |
1980年 | 5,490,224人 | 5.7% |
1990年 | 5,544,159人 | 1.0% |
2000年 | 6,080,485人 | 9.7% |
2010年 | 6,483,802人 | 6.6% |
经济
编辑20世纪70年代,开始建造印第安纳-密歇根电力公司的核电站的装机容量为200万千瓦。主要工业有钢铁、运输机械制造、电器、机器制造、化学、食品、塑料、人造橡胶等工业。1850年以后,以钢铁业为主体的制造业逐渐成为州内主要的收入来源。该州所产乐器和钻石研磨工具在世界市场享有盛名。农作物主要有玉米、大豆、小麦。家畜饲养业以猪、牛、羊、家禽为主,数量有较大增长。从农业市场取得的现金收入接近全国首位。
1999年印第安纳州的总产值为1820亿美元,在美国列第15位,人均收入为27,011美元。主要农产品有谷物、大豆、猪肉、牛、奶制品和蛋。工业产品有钢、电气设备、运输设备、化学产品、油和煤产物和机械设备。礼来公司的总部和霍夫曼罗氏有限公司的美国总部在印第安纳州。
印州主要产业是先进制造业、工业机械、运输、物流配送、信息技术、生命科学、金融经纪人、保险经纪人等。州内著名跨国公司有礼来制药总部、联邦快递美国第二大中心、丰田汽车北美第二大生产厂等。印州有较高比例的高科技人才雇员,其中工程业和与之相关联的行业雇佣的高科技人员占印州所有工业中高科技雇员的53%。此外,印州也是美国农业大州之一,农业经济在美国位于第九位,主要盛产玉米、大豆等。但近些年农业在印州经济中所占的重要性已呈下降趋势,服务业显着上升。
20世纪70年代,开始建造印第安纳-密歇根电力公司的核电站的装机容量为200万千瓦。
矿产有煤、石油、及石灰岩。该州南部出产品质极佳之石灰岩,作为建筑材科。例如:建造帝国大厦、洛克菲勒中心、联合国总部、五角大楼所需石灰岩块,全部由该地区供应。
除农业外,该州工业极发达。有四十多个镇,专门制造家具。该州西北方长72公里的密执安湖岸,遍布钢铁,炼油、及机械工厂。其中以加雷为最盛。加雷接近芝加哥的大工业区,人口18万。1970年兴建大港口,可通大西洋。港口在加雷之东,叫做勃恩港(Burns Harbor)。
社会
编辑文化
该州主要的表演艺术团体包括:印第安纳波利斯交响乐团、印第安纳大学的歌剧社、与纳胥维尔的布朗郡剧团。该州许多大学院校每年皆会举行音乐、戏剧以及舞蹈的演出。
位于印第安纳波利斯的博物馆包括:印第安纳州立博物馆、儿童博物馆、史比德威博物馆、以及印第安纳波利斯美术馆。其他的博物馆有:位于伊凡斯维尔的艺术及科学博物馆、位于布鲁明顿的印第安那大学博物馆、位于法兰区里克的时钟之屋博物馆、以及位于维尔帕瑞索的维尔伯·坎明斯电器博物馆。
宗教
宗教上,印第安纳州大多是新教徒,虽然也有五分之一的罗马天主教徒。此州天主教
所办的圣母大学﹙University of Notre Dame﹚相当著名,个人口信仰比例为
67% 新教徒﹙Protestant﹚
20% 罗马天主教徒Roman Catholic
1% 其他基督教派的教徒 Other Christian
1% 其他宗教教徒Other Religions
8% 无信仰者 Non-Religious
印第安纳州前三大新教徒是:浸礼会﹙Baptist:17%﹚、卫理公会﹙Methodist:10%﹚、路德会(Lutheran:5%)。
教育
教育发达,有74所高等院校。创立最早的大学是印第安纳大学,
1824年创立,校园在首府西南方布卢明顿。普渡大学于1869年建立,有学生4万,校园在首府西北的西拉法叶城。州内大专学院有46所。其中最著名的为印地安那大学,创于1820年,学生六万五千多人,地点在该州南部之伯明顿(Bloomington)。普渡大学(Purdue University),位于该州东中部之拉法叶(Lafayette),创于1869年,学生三万五千多人。美国xxx个大学女学生社团,是在公元1870年成立于位于绿堡的迪保尔大学。
公立学校
鲍尔州立大学(Ball State University)
印第安纳州立大学(Indiana State University)
印第安纳大学(Indiana University System)
伯明顿主校区(Indiana University at Bloomington)
东部分校(Indiana University East)
科克摩分校(Indiana University at Kokomo)
西北分校(Indiana University Northwest)
南弯分校(Indiana University at South Bend)
东南分校(Indiana University Southeast)
印第安纳大学─普度大学哥伦布分校(Indiana University Purdue University at Columbus)
印第安纳大学─普度大学韦恩堡分校(Indiana University Purdue University at Fort Wayne,IPFW)
印第安纳大学─普度大学印第安纳波利斯分校(Indiana University Purdue University at Indianapolis,IUPUI)
普度大学(Purdue University System)
西拉法叶主校区(Purdue University,West Lafayette)
卡罗美分校(Purdue University Calumet)
中北部分校(Purdue University North Central)
普度大学技术学院(Purdue University School of Technology)
安德生分校(Purdue University School of Technology at Anderson)
哥伦布分校(Purdue University School of Technology at Columbus)
印第安纳波利斯分校(Purdue University School of Technology at Indianapolis)
科克摩分校(Purdue University School of Technology at Kokomo)
曼希分校(Purdue University School of Technology at Muncie)
新亚伯尼分校(Purdue University School of Technology at New Albany)
里奇蒙分校(Purdue University School of Technology at Richmond)
南弯─艾克哈分校(Purdue University School of Technology at South Bend/Elkhart)
佛塞雷斯分校Purdue University School of Technology at Versailles
南印第安纳大学(University of Southern Indiana)
私立学校
安德生大学(Anderson University)
贝瑟学院(Bethel College,Indiana)
巴特勒大学(Butler University)
圣约瑟夫卡罗美学院(Calumet College of St. Joseph)
基督学院(Christian Theological Seminary)
韦恩堡协同神学院(Concordia Theological Seminary Fort Wayne)
迪保尔大学(DePauw University)
厄尔汉学院(Earlham College)
富兰克林学院(Franklin College)
高盛学院(Goshen College)
葛雷斯学院(Grace College)
汉诺佛学院(Hanover College)
圣十字学院(Holy Cross College)
杭廷顿学院(Huntington College)
印第安纳理工学院(Indiana Institute of Technology)
印第安纳魏斯理大学(Indiana Wesleyan University)
曼彻斯特学院(Manchester College)
马里安学院(Marian College)
马丁大学(Martin University)
奥克兰市大学(Oakland City University)
罗斯─豪曼理工学院(Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology)
圣约瑟夫学院(Saint Joseph's College,Indiana)
森林圣玛丽学院(Saint Mary-of-the-Woods College)
圣玛丽学院(Saint Mary's College,Indiana)
泰勒大学(Taylor University)
三州大学(Tri-State University)
伊凡斯维尔大学(University of Evansville)
印第安纳波利斯大学University of Indianapolis
圣母大学(University of Notre Dame)
圣法兰西斯大学(University of Saint Francis)
法尔帕拉索大学(Valparaiso University)
瓦伯西学院(Wabash College)
体育
印第安纳波利斯500英里赛车大奖赛(Indianapolis 500)是印第安纳最著名的年度运动比赛之一,该项盛会每年都会自全球各地吸引来成千上万的观众。印第安纳拥有数十座州立公园、州立森林、以及州立的野生生物及鱼类保留区。胡希尔国家森林(Hoosier National Forest)位于贝德佛(Bedford)附近,占地约有76,082公顷。印第安纳州内有超过一千个湖泊,该州可以从事的水上运动有划船、划独木舟、游泳、以及钓鱼。该州南部有许多洞穴可供热爱从事洞窟探险的人士前去寻幽探险。
项目:
美式足球
NFL
印第安纳波利斯小马队 (Indianapolis Colts)
棒球
小联盟
印第安纳波利斯印地安人队(Indianapolis Indians,3A级国际联盟,母队:匹兹堡海盗)
韦恩堡巫师队(Fort Wayne Wizards,1A级中西部联盟,母队:圣地牙哥教士)
南弯银鹰队(South Bend Silver Hawks,1A级中西部联盟,母队:亚利桑那响尾蛇)
美国职业篮球联盟(NBA)
印第安纳步行者队(Indiana Pacers)
NCAA
印第安纳大学队(Indiana University)
普渡大学锅炉制造工队(Purdue University Boilermakers)
迪保尔大学队(DePauw University)
印第安纳州立大学队(Indiana State University)
圣母大学战斗的爱尔兰人队(Notre Dame FightingIrish)
法尔帕拉索大学队(Valparaiso University))
WNBA
印第安纳狂热队(Indiana Fever)
NCAA
普渡大学女锅炉制造工队(Purdue University Lady Boilermakers)
赛车
印第安纳波利斯500英里大奖赛,简称印第500(Indy 500)
F1方程式赛车美国站(该赛事已于2008年起取消)
交通
编辑该州是美国中西部各州往来必经之地,成为中西部的十字路口。连接印第安纳波利斯市的公路比国内其他任何城市都要多。全国6家最大运输公司中有3家的总部设在该市。以每平方公里面积来计算的道路的长度,居全国第五位。铁路干线长达10500公里。飞机场有130座。印第安纳州北滨密歇根湖,南滨俄亥俄河,具有便利的水运,堪与伊利诺伊州竞争。
印州位于美国中西部中心,交通发达,有8条主要高速公路,被称为“美国的十字路口”,与20多个主要大城市仅有半天的车程。
重要机场:印第安纳波利斯国际机场(IND)
重要高速公路:I-65、I-70、I-74
印第安纳收费公路(Indiana Toll Road,I-80/I-90/I-94)、I-69
著名人物
编辑xxx
印第安纳州的州长是共和党的米奇·丹尼尔斯。
代表印第安纳州的美国参议员是埃文·贝赫(民主党)和理查德·鲁格(共和党)。
历史名人
印第安纳出过的名人有:
诗人詹姆斯·惠特孔·莱里(James Whitcomb Riley)
作家小克特·封古特(Kurt Vonnegut,Jr.)
漫画“加菲猫”的作者吉姆·戴维斯(Jim Davis)
作曲家豪吉·卡迈克(Hoagy Carmichael)
作曲家科尔·波特(Cole Porter)
电影演员占姆斯·狄恩(James Dean)
电影演员史提夫·麦昆(Steve McQueen)
舞蹈家泰拉·萨普(Twyla Tharp)
摇滚歌手亚当·兰伯特(Adam Lambert)
流行音乐天王迈克尔·杰克逊(Michael Jackson)
流行音乐天后珍妮.杰克逊(Janet.Jackson)
摇滚歌手艾里克罗斯(Axl Rose)
《大角山羊阿布》(buford the little bighorn)等作品的作者比尔 皮特(BILL PEET)
小资料
编辑时区
美国绝大多数地区实施夏令时,印第安纳州由于地处美国东部时区西缘,州民决议不使用夏令时,以免夏季日落太晚,但西北角芝加哥(伊利诺州)附近(Jasper、Lake、LaPorte、Newton、Porter等五县)及西南角伊凡斯维尔附近(Gibson、Posey、Spencer、Vanderburgh、Warrick等五县)和美国中部时区一致,东南辛辛那堤(俄亥俄州)附近(Dearborn及Ohio等二县)及路易维尔(肯塔基州)附近(Clark、Floyd、Harrison三县)则和美国东部时区一致,意即在大城市附近的县和大城市一起作息。
因此,全州分成三个时区:1. 美国东部时间:辛辛那提及路易维尔附近 2. 美国中部时间:芝加哥及伊凡斯维尔附近 3. 印第安纳时间:其他地区(冬季与美国东部时间一致,夏季与美国中部时间一致)
2005年4月28日,印第安纳州议会决议自2006年4月开始使用夏令时,调整方式目前由联邦审查中。
象征
印第安纳州的别名为"苦干之州(Goosier state)",自称为"十字路口"。该州的州鸟是北美红雀 (Cardinal),州树是北美百合树 (Tulip poplar),州花是牡丹花 (Peony)。
对外交流
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